Mountains constitute a large percentage of the environment of Oman. The flora and fauna living in these mountains vary. Al Hajar Mountains are in the north of Oman and extend from Musandam Peninsula in the north to Ras Al Hadd in Al Sharqiyah South Governorate. Wadi Samail divides it into two parts: east and west. Jabal Shams (Sun Mountain) summit is the highest point in the Al Hajar Mountains, rising at an altitude of 3,009 metres above sea level.

In the south, the mountains of Dhofar region extend from east to west off AlHillaniyat Islands. Samhan Mountain, which includes the Arabian Leopard Reserve in the east and Jabal Al Qamar (Moon Mountain) in the west, is the most prominent mountain range in the region, rising to an altitude of 2,500 metres.